How Does a Septic System Work?
Septic systems provide a safe and efficient way to treat and dispose of wastewater. Understanding how a septic system works can help you maintain it properly and avoid costly repairs. Let’s dive into the parts and process of a typical septic system.
Components of a Conventional Septic System
Septic Tank: This is the primary component where the wastewater from your home first enters. It is typically a watertight, underground container made of concrete, fiberglass, or plastic. The septic tank holds the wastewater long enough for solids to settle to the bottom, forming sludge, while oils and grease float to the top as scum.
Drainfield or Leach Field: This is an area where the treated wastewater, or effluent, is dispersed. It consists of a network of perforated pipes buried in trenches filled with gravel or sand. The effluent is slowly released into the soil, where natural processes further treat it.
Soil: The soil plays a crucial role in filtering and purifying the wastewater as it percolates through. It removes harmful bacteria, viruses, and nutrients, ensuring the water that reenters the groundwater system is clean and safe.
Components of an Aerobic System
Aerobic Tank: An aerobic system consists of three chamber or tanks.
- The first chamber is the pretreatment (or trash tank) and it performs the same as a septic tank. The trash tank holds the wastewater so solids can settle to the bottom and fat or grease float to the top.
- The next chamber is the aeration chamber. This is where the aerobic system gets its name. Air is introduced into this chamber to encourage growth an aerobic bacteria. There is a “quiet” area of this tank called the clarifier that allows suspended solids to settle out before going to the next chamber.
- The pump chamber is the last stop before the wastewater is sent to the distribution field.
Distribution Field: This is an area where the treated wastewater, or effluent, is dispersed. Most aerobic systems use spray or drip dispersal. Spray uses sprinklers to distribute the wastewater above ground while drip distributes it below ground.
Soil: Like a conventional septic, the soil plays a role in treating the wastewater. Bacteria in the soil, evaporation and even the sun treat the water before it returns to the groundwater.
Maintenance Tips
To keep your septic system functioning properly, regular maintenance is essential. Here are some tips:
- Regular Inspections: Have your septic system inspected regularly. This should be every three to five years for a conventional or every 6 months for an aerobic.
- Pumping: Pump the septic tank as recommended by your inspector, typically every three to five years, for a conventional or every one to three years for an aerobic. The pump frequency can be estimated using the cart below depending on the tank size and household usage.
3. Proper Drain Discipline: Avoid flushing non-biodegradable items, chemicals, or grease down the drain, as these can clog and damage the system.
4. Conserve Water: Excessive water use can overload the system. Fix leaks and install water-saving fixtures to reduce water consumption.
5. Protect the Drainfield: Do not park vehicles or plant trees over the drainfield, as this can compact the soil and damage the pipes.
Conclusion
Understanding how your septic system works and doing regular septic maintenance can extend its lifespan and prevent costly repairs. By treating your septic system with care, you ensure it continues to treat your household’s wastewater, protecting both your family and the environment.
If you have any questions or concerns about your septic system, don’t hesitate to contact Cyclone Septics or a professional near you for advice and assistance.
You can also check out the book by That Septic Girl – Dawn Rohrs!
